Geology Badge #18
April 30th, 2016
For requirement #18, it wanted to know how rocks and minerals differ, how to identify minerals, define Mohs Scale of Hardness, and look up what my birthstone is.
How do rocks and minerals differ?
website: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Minerals_vs_Rocks
How do the luster, color, streak, hardness, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture and crystal form, help identify minerals?
websites: http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/earth/sciber/minerid.htm & http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/properties_of_minerals.html
What is the Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness?
Definition: The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material.
website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness
Last it wanted me to find out what my birthstone is. My birthstone is Emerald.
Saturday, April 30, 2016
Geology Badge #15
Geology Badge #15
April 30th, 2016
Requirement number 15 wanted me to learn about three volcanoes and ho the differ. They are: shield, cinder cone, and composite.
How do volcanoes differ?
websites: http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-volcanoes-shield-cinder-cones-composite-cones.html & http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Shield Volcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Cinder Cone Volcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Composite/Stratovolcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Last it wanted me to draw and label a cross-section of a volcano.
My cross-section of a volcano
April 30th, 2016
Requirement number 15 wanted me to learn about three volcanoes and ho the differ. They are: shield, cinder cone, and composite.
How do volcanoes differ?
websites: http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-volcanoes-shield-cinder-cones-composite-cones.html & http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Shield Volcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Cinder Cone Volcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Composite/Stratovolcano
website: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
Last it wanted me to draw and label a cross-section of a volcano.
My cross-section of a volcano
Geology Badge #9
Geology Badge #9
April 30th, 2016
This requirement is part of #14 for the Pi/Pa girls.
Requirement #9 wanted me to dig a simple Perc Test that was 8in. deep and 4in. wide. Then I had to fill it with water and put a ruler in the hole. The requirement wanted me to time the process to see how long it took for the water to drop 3 inches. Also, it asked what does the soil look like during a dry spell or after a long rainy spell.
My soil was wet and muddy because it has been raining at our house.
Why would the Perc Test be good for a garden?
YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6VV6OU3ssA
What is a Perc Test?
Definition: is a test to determine the absorption rate of soil for a septic drain field or "leach field". The results of a percolation test are required to properly design a septic system.
My hole at 7inches.
My hole at 4 inches. It drop 3 inches in 51 minutes.
April 30th, 2016
This requirement is part of #14 for the Pi/Pa girls.
Requirement #9 wanted me to dig a simple Perc Test that was 8in. deep and 4in. wide. Then I had to fill it with water and put a ruler in the hole. The requirement wanted me to time the process to see how long it took for the water to drop 3 inches. Also, it asked what does the soil look like during a dry spell or after a long rainy spell.
My soil was wet and muddy because it has been raining at our house.
Why would the Perc Test be good for a garden?
YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6VV6OU3ssA
What is a Perc Test?
Definition: is a test to determine the absorption rate of soil for a septic drain field or "leach field". The results of a percolation test are required to properly design a septic system.
My hole at 7inches.
My hole at 4 inches. It drop 3 inches in 51 minutes.
Thursday, April 28, 2016
Geology #22
Geology #22
April 28th, 2016
For optional 22, it wanted me describe the four main types of coastal zones. They are rocky, sandy, coral, and wetland.
Rocky Coastal Zone: Rocky coasts are continuously cut back by the sea and are characterized by erosion features. They have a slow rate of morphological change, and experience the main erosion processes of: mechanical wave erosion, abrasion and hydraulic action; weathering - physical, salt, chemical and water-layer leveling; bio-erosion - biochemical and biophysical; and mass movements by rock falls and toppling, slides and flows.
weblink: http://www.marbef.org/wiki/coastal_zone_characteristics
Sandy Coastal Zone: Sand is a very common marine sediment and is transported along the shoreline by littoral transport. Sand transport (littoral transport or littoral drift) is driven by the breaking waves and the long shore currents in the wave breaking zone. The appearance of a natural sandy beach is determined by hydrographic conditions and geology. Any interference will cause a reaction in the form of a shoreline response. Therefore, understanding of physical processes is important and the development of suitable solutions required, supported by numerical modelling if needed.
weblink: http://www.marbef.org/wiki/coastal_zone_characteristics
Coral Coastal Zone/Coral Reef: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef
Wetland Coastal Zone: https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/coastal-wetlands
What are the features of waves like: crest, wavelength, trough, wave height/amplitude.
Wave Crest/Wave Trough: http://www.everythingmaths.co.za/science/grade-10/08-transverse-waves/08-transverse-waves-03.cnxmlplus & http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Anatomy-of-a-Wave
Wave Wavelength: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Anatomy-of-a-Wave
Wave Height/Amplitude: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Anatomy-of-a-Wave
What causes waves?
weblink: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/wavesinocean.html
What causes tides?
weblink: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides02_cause.html
What is coastal erosion and how can we protect our coasts from becoming severely eroded away?
weblink: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_erosion & http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Protection_against_coastal_erosion
Wednesday, April 27, 2016
Camping Badge #13
Camping Badge #13
April 13th, 2016
For requirement 13, it wanted me to design a typical campsite that included a dining area, cooking area, fire pit, tent area, and a bathroom area.
A picture of my designed camping area:
Also, it wanted to know how weather, water, and the lay of the land is important in designing a campsite. I discussed this part with my dad.
April 13th, 2016
For requirement 13, it wanted me to design a typical campsite that included a dining area, cooking area, fire pit, tent area, and a bathroom area.
A picture of my designed camping area:
Also, it wanted to know how weather, water, and the lay of the land is important in designing a campsite. I discussed this part with my dad.
Geology #17
Geology #17
April 27th, 2016
Requirement #17 wanted me to choose a national or state park. I chose Jockey's Ridge State park.
Jockey's Ridge is the tallest sand dune system in the Eastern part of United States. The height differs between 80 to 100 feet.
Number 16 also wanted to know what outstanding or unique features can be found in the park.
Jockey's Ridge can be described as a big hill of shifting sand.
The main geologic process to form these features is by strong water currants that push the sand from offshore areas onto a beach. Then the wind takes the sand and blows it to form the sand dunes.
The information for this requirement is found at: http://www.ncparks.gov/jockeys-ridge-state-park/history
April 27th, 2016
Requirement #17 wanted me to choose a national or state park. I chose Jockey's Ridge State park.
Jockey's Ridge is the tallest sand dune system in the Eastern part of United States. The height differs between 80 to 100 feet.
Number 16 also wanted to know what outstanding or unique features can be found in the park.
Jockey's Ridge can be described as a big hill of shifting sand.
The main geologic process to form these features is by strong water currants that push the sand from offshore areas onto a beach. Then the wind takes the sand and blows it to form the sand dunes.
The information for this requirement is found at: http://www.ncparks.gov/jockeys-ridge-state-park/history
Geology Badge #16
Geology Badge #16
April 27th, 2016
For number 16, it wanted me to define eight different terms. They are:
Focus: the point of origin of an earthquake
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/focus?s=t
Epicenter: Also, epicentrum. Geology. a point, directly above the true center of disturbance, from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently radiate.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/epicenter?s=t
After Shock: A less powerful earthquake that follows a more forceful one. Aftershocks usually originate at or near the focus of the main earthquakes they follow and can continue for days or months. They usually decrease in magnitude and frequency with time.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/aftershock?s=t
Seismograph: any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/seismograph?s=t
Richter Scale: a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/richter-scale?s=t
Surface Waves: a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/surface-wave?s=t
P Waves: a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/p--wave?s=t
S Waves: a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/s-wave?s=t
Also the requirement asked if our area is prone to earthquake hazards like: landslides, ground rupture, shaking, liquefaction, or tsunamis.
Landslides
link: http://wlos.com/news/local/nc-geological-survey-talks-landslide-concerns & http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
Ground Rupture
link: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
Shaking- could not find anything about shaking for our state. If you find something about it, please post in the comment box.
Liquefaction
link: http://geology.com/usgs/liquefaction/
Tsunamis
link: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
The last question number 16 asked was:
What are the safety instructions for your area during an earthquake?
Link: https://www.thehartford.com/resources/home/earthquake-safety
April 27th, 2016
For number 16, it wanted me to define eight different terms. They are:
Focus: the point of origin of an earthquake
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/focus?s=t
Epicenter: Also, epicentrum. Geology. a point, directly above the true center of disturbance, from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently radiate.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/epicenter?s=t
After Shock: A less powerful earthquake that follows a more forceful one. Aftershocks usually originate at or near the focus of the main earthquakes they follow and can continue for days or months. They usually decrease in magnitude and frequency with time.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/aftershock?s=t
Seismograph: any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/seismograph?s=t
Richter Scale: a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/richter-scale?s=t
Surface Waves: a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/surface-wave?s=t
P Waves: a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/p--wave?s=t
S Waves: a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph.
Dictionary.com: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/s-wave?s=t
Also the requirement asked if our area is prone to earthquake hazards like: landslides, ground rupture, shaking, liquefaction, or tsunamis.
Landslides
link: http://wlos.com/news/local/nc-geological-survey-talks-landslide-concerns & http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
Ground Rupture
link: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
Shaking- could not find anything about shaking for our state. If you find something about it, please post in the comment box.
Liquefaction
link: http://geology.com/usgs/liquefaction/
Tsunamis
link: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
The last question number 16 asked was:
What are the safety instructions for your area during an earthquake?
Link: https://www.thehartford.com/resources/home/earthquake-safety
Tuesday, April 26, 2016
Stick Shifts & Safety Belts Badge #20
Stick Shifts & Safety Belts Badge #20
April 26th, 2016
For requirement number 20, it wanted me to research different types of fuel available for today's cars.
Different types of fuel are: gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum, compressed natural gas, ethanol, and bio-diesel.
weblink: http://www.ehow.com/list_7347672_six-fuels-used-today_s-vehicles.html
Also it asked what do the different octane ratings mean.
Octane ratings definition: Octane rating or octane number is a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel. The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating (igniting).
Our car uses the number 87 for its octane number at the gas station.
The last thing the requirement wanted me to do was to calculate the gas mileage of our car.
How to calculate the gas mileage
weblink: http://eartheasy.com/article_gas_mileage.htm
Our gas mileage for our car is 20mpg.
April 26th, 2016
For requirement number 20, it wanted me to research different types of fuel available for today's cars.
Different types of fuel are: gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum, compressed natural gas, ethanol, and bio-diesel.
weblink: http://www.ehow.com/list_7347672_six-fuels-used-today_s-vehicles.html
Also it asked what do the different octane ratings mean.
Octane ratings definition: Octane rating or octane number is a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel. The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating (igniting).
Our car uses the number 87 for its octane number at the gas station.
The last thing the requirement wanted me to do was to calculate the gas mileage of our car.
How to calculate the gas mileage
weblink: http://eartheasy.com/article_gas_mileage.htm
Our gas mileage for our car is 20mpg.
Monday, April 18, 2016
Camping Badge #14
Camping Badge #14
April 18th, 2016
Requirement #14 wanted to describe types of animal that might be attracted to your campsite by improperly stored food. Also, describe methods to secure food from wild animals, bad weather, and spoilage.
Animals that would be attracted to your campsite by improperly stored food could be deer, mountain goats, marmots, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, bears and some birds.
Weblink: https://www.nps.gov/noca/planyourvisit/food-storage-requirements.htm
How to secure food from wild animals
How to secure food from bad weather
Place food in a waterproof bag or container so it does not get wet.
How to secure food from spoilage
How to secure food using a bear wire
April 18th, 2016
Requirement #14 wanted to describe types of animal that might be attracted to your campsite by improperly stored food. Also, describe methods to secure food from wild animals, bad weather, and spoilage.
Animals that would be attracted to your campsite by improperly stored food could be deer, mountain goats, marmots, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, bears and some birds.
Weblink: https://www.nps.gov/noca/planyourvisit/food-storage-requirements.htm
How to secure food from wild animals
How to secure food from bad weather
Place food in a waterproof bag or container so it does not get wet.
How to secure food from spoilage
How to secure food using a bear wire
Stick Shifts & Safety Belts Badge #24
Stick Shifts & Safety Belts Badge #24
April 18th, 2016
For optional 24, it wanted me to design my ideal car. Also, it asked what fuel it would use, how many seats, color, safety features, and style of the car.
My car fuel would be gas, seat four, the color would be lime green, and the style of the car would be a Toyota Highlander. The safety features would include: air bags, daytime running lights, nighttime running lights, and a braking system.
What would your ideal car look like? What safety features would it have? How many seats would your car hold? What style of car would it be?
Post pictures and your answers in the comment box below.
Safety features in a car.
Link: http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/Safety-Features/Safety-Features-List/
April 18th, 2016
For optional 24, it wanted me to design my ideal car. Also, it asked what fuel it would use, how many seats, color, safety features, and style of the car.
My car fuel would be gas, seat four, the color would be lime green, and the style of the car would be a Toyota Highlander. The safety features would include: air bags, daytime running lights, nighttime running lights, and a braking system.
What would your ideal car look like? What safety features would it have? How many seats would your car hold? What style of car would it be?
Post pictures and your answers in the comment box below.
Safety features in a car.
Link: http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/Safety-Features/Safety-Features-List/
Wednesday, April 13, 2016
Camping Badge #25
Camping Badge #25
April 13th, 2016
For optional 25, it wanted me to know the importance of safe, clean water and how to identify safe and unsafe water.
Importance of safe, clean water and how to identify it:
YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxR-WtgF-gQ , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUvmZZESmDg , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RL7IQ5fcCw , & https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMP9-49I1U4
Also, the optional wanted me to learn and demonstrate two methods of water purification. They are:
Website: http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water
Creating a Purifying System in the Wilderness- Method 2
Website: http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water
April 13th, 2016
For optional 25, it wanted me to know the importance of safe, clean water and how to identify safe and unsafe water.
Importance of safe, clean water and how to identify it:
YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxR-WtgF-gQ , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUvmZZESmDg , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RL7IQ5fcCw , & https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMP9-49I1U4
Also, the optional wanted me to learn and demonstrate two methods of water purification. They are:
Boiling Water
YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrwZn7llsyw, & https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kieGBkOdyMUWebsite: http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water
Website: http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water
Sunday, April 10, 2016
Camping Badge #26
Camping Badge #26
April 10th, 2016
Optional 26 wanted me to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using white gas, propane, and butane stoves.
White gas stove: aka. “Coleman Fuel stove"
Advantages: hotter fuel source, cheaper,
Disadvantages: frequent cleaning, heavy,
Website for safety procedure: http://www.livestrong.com/article/137699-safety-using-liquid-fuel-camping-stove/
Propane stove
Advantages: simple to use, clean burn, no odor, full simmer control, no maintenance required, & many brands
Disadvantages: tend to fail in cold temperatures, fuel somewhat expensive, & fuel canister not always available
Website for safety procedures: http://www.livestrong.com/article/165273-propane-stove-safety/
Butane stove
Advantages: inexpensive, works quickly, easy to use, less toxic, better for the environment, easy to carry, & energy efficient
Disadvantage: when it's below freezing, the gas does not work as well
Website for safety procedures: http://www.ehow.com/about_6676681_butane-stove-safety.html
April 10th, 2016
Optional 26 wanted me to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using white gas, propane, and butane stoves.
White gas stove: aka. “Coleman Fuel stove"
Advantages: hotter fuel source, cheaper,
Disadvantages: frequent cleaning, heavy,
Website for safety procedure: http://www.livestrong.com/article/137699-safety-using-liquid-fuel-camping-stove/
Propane stove
Advantages: simple to use, clean burn, no odor, full simmer control, no maintenance required, & many brands
Disadvantages: tend to fail in cold temperatures, fuel somewhat expensive, & fuel canister not always available
Website for safety procedures: http://www.livestrong.com/article/165273-propane-stove-safety/
Butane stove
Advantages: inexpensive, works quickly, easy to use, less toxic, better for the environment, easy to carry, & energy efficient
Disadvantage: when it's below freezing, the gas does not work as well
Website for safety procedures: http://www.ehow.com/about_6676681_butane-stove-safety.html
Camping Badge #28
Camping Badge #28
April 10th, 2016
Optional 28 wanted me to research three different types of sleeping bag filling.
Down sleeping bag filling
Advantages: lightweight, breathable & best heat option
Disadvantages: price is more expensive, take a long to dry, not warm when wet, & not easy to clean
Synthetic sleeping bag filling
Advantages: quick drying, insulates when wet, less expensive,
Disadvantages: less warmth for its weight, bulkier, & hard to clean
PolarGuard/Polarguard 3D/PolarGuard Delta sleeping bag filling
Advantages: not bulky, light weight, dries quickly, does not lose insulation when wet, & easy to clean
Disadvantages: it's stiff, & little expensive
April 10th, 2016
Optional 28 wanted me to research three different types of sleeping bag filling.
Down sleeping bag filling
Advantages: lightweight, breathable & best heat option
Disadvantages: price is more expensive, take a long to dry, not warm when wet, & not easy to clean
Synthetic sleeping bag filling
Advantages: quick drying, insulates when wet, less expensive,
Disadvantages: less warmth for its weight, bulkier, & hard to clean
PolarGuard/Polarguard 3D/PolarGuard Delta sleeping bag filling
Advantages: not bulky, light weight, dries quickly, does not lose insulation when wet, & easy to clean
Disadvantages: it's stiff, & little expensive
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